Operational technology data

Operational Technology (OT) data refers to the information generated, collected, processed, or analyzed by hardware and software systems that monitor and control physical processes, equipment, or infrastructure. OT data is typically associated with industrial environments, such as manufacturing, energy, transportation, utilities, and healthcare, where devices like sensors, controllers, and actuators interact with real-world machinery and processes.

OT data differs from IT (Information Technology) data in that it is primarily focused on physical processes and real-time control, whereas IT data is centered around business operations and data management. OT data is increasingly integrated with IT systems for advanced analytics, predictive maintenance, and Industry 4.0 initiatives. 

OT data is essential for ensuring operational efficiency, safety, and reliability. It provides insights into machine performance, environmental conditions, process states, and system health, enabling organizations to optimize operations, prevent failures, and maintain compliance.

Examples of operational technology data include the following:

• Sensor data: Data collected from sensors monitoring physical properties in real time
• Equipment performance data: Data capturing the operational state of machinery or equipment
• Process control data: Data used to monitor and control industrial processes in real time
• Energy consumption data: Data related to the energy usage of equipment, facilities, or processes
• Alarm and event data: Notifications or alerts triggered by abnormal conditions or system events
• Predictive maintenance data: Data used to anticipate and prevent equipment failures
• Environmental monitoring data: Data capturing environmental conditions that affect operations or compliance
• Industrial network data: Data exchanged between OT systems, devices, and networks
• Production metrics data: Data used to monitor and analyze production processes and outputs
• System health data: Data about the condition and performance of OT systems and infrastructure
• Compliance and audit data: Data used to ensure regulatory compliance and maintain audit trails
• Work order and task data: Data related to scheduled or completed maintenance and operational tasks.

OT data is sensitive due to its impact on physical processes. Securing OT data against cyberattacks (for example, ransomware or unauthorized access) is critical for operational safety. Common OT data protocols include Modbus, OPC UA, PROFINET, and BACnet, which enable communication between sensors, controllers, and supervisory systems.